1 Kings 9:16

Authorized King James Version

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For Pharaoh king of Egypt had gone up, and taken Gezer, and burnt it with fire, and slain the Canaanites that dwelt in the city, and given it for a present unto his daughter, Solomon's wife.

Original Language Analysis

פַּרְעֹ֨ה For Pharaoh H6547
פַּרְעֹ֨ה For Pharaoh
Strong's: H6547
Word #: 1 of 19
paroh, a general title of egyptian kings
מֶֽלֶךְ king H4428
מֶֽלֶךְ king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 2 of 19
a king
מִצְרַ֜יִם of Egypt H4714
מִצְרַ֜יִם of Egypt
Strong's: H4714
Word #: 3 of 19
mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt
עָלָ֗ה had gone up H5927
עָלָ֗ה had gone up
Strong's: H5927
Word #: 4 of 19
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
וַיִּלְכֹּ֤ד and taken H3920
וַיִּלְכֹּ֤ד and taken
Strong's: H3920
Word #: 5 of 19
to catch (in a net, trap or pit); generally, to capture or occupy; also to choose (by lot); figuratively, to cohere
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 6 of 19
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
גֶּ֙זֶר֙ Gezer H1507
גֶּ֙זֶר֙ Gezer
Strong's: H1507
Word #: 7 of 19
gezer, a place in palestine
וַיִּשְׂרְפָ֣הּ and burnt H8313
וַיִּשְׂרְפָ֣הּ and burnt
Strong's: H8313
Word #: 8 of 19
to be (causatively, set) on fire
בָּאֵ֔שׁ it with fire H784
בָּאֵ֔שׁ it with fire
Strong's: H784
Word #: 9 of 19
fire (literally or figuratively)
וְאֶת H853
וְאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 10 of 19
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֛י the Canaanites H3669
הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֛י the Canaanites
Strong's: H3669
Word #: 11 of 19
a kenaanite or inhabitant of kenaan; by implication, a pedlar (the canaanites standing for their neighbors the ishmaelites, who conducted mercantile c
הַיֹּשֵׁ֥ב that dwelt H3427
הַיֹּשֵׁ֥ב that dwelt
Strong's: H3427
Word #: 12 of 19
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
בָּעִ֖יר in the city H5892
בָּעִ֖יר in the city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 13 of 19
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
הָרָ֑ג and slain H2026
הָרָ֑ג and slain
Strong's: H2026
Word #: 14 of 19
to smite with deadly intent
וַֽיִּתְּנָהּ֙ and given H5414
וַֽיִּתְּנָהּ֙ and given
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 15 of 19
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
שִׁלֻּחִ֔ים it for a present H7964
שִׁלֻּחִ֔ים it for a present
Strong's: H7964
Word #: 16 of 19
(only in plural) a dismissal, i.e., (of a wife) divorce (especially the document); also (of a daughter) dower
לְבִתּ֖וֹ unto his daughter H1323
לְבִתּ֖וֹ unto his daughter
Strong's: H1323
Word #: 17 of 19
a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
אֵ֥שֶׁת wife H802
אֵ֥שֶׁת wife
Strong's: H802
Word #: 18 of 19
a woman
שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ Solomon's H8010
שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ Solomon's
Strong's: H8010
Word #: 19 of 19
shelomah, david's successor

Analysis & Commentary

For Pharaoh king of Egypt had gone up, and taken Gezer, and burnt it with fire, and slain the Canaanites that dwelt in the city, and given it for a present unto his daughter, Solomon's wife.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of god's covenant with solomon and his building projects, within the book's focus on Solomon's wisdom, temple building, and tragic apostasy.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Solomon's reign (c. 970-930 BCE) represented Israel's golden age of peace and prosperity.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Questions for Reflection

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